Kan 寒 — cold pattern

cold-sign emphasis

Kan groups cold signs such as aversion to cold and cool abdominal findings in Kampo reasoning. The lower-abdominal placement is a visual shorthand for warmth and fluid-regulation inquiry, not a literal cold source.

Kyō 虚 — deficiency patternJitsu 実 — excess patternKan 寒 — cold patternKan 寒 — cold patternNetsu 熱 — heat patternHyō 表 — exterior patternRi 裏 — interior pattern

Point 3 of 6 in Kampō Body Typology — Sho Pattern Field

Cross-tradition overlaps

No overlapping points are registered for this point.

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Sources

Yoshimasu Tōdō, Ruikei-hō (primary_canonical)

The Ruikei-hō records Tōdō’s symptom-and-formula classification; consult the sections on sho (pattern) selection and formula families.

Terasawa Katsutoshi, Kampo: A Clinical Guide to Theory and Practice (scholarly_modern)

Modern clinical synthesis explaining shō diagnosis, abdominal palpation (fukushin), and formula typology.

Tsumura Kampo (primary)

Manufacturer monographs document formula indications and Japanese Kampo naming; used here for terminology, not as proof of efficacy.

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